1964

This page is for year 1964 of the Gregorian calendar .

Events

• March 23 : Opening to Geneva ( Switzerland ) of the first UNCTAD (UN Conference on Trade and Development).
• April 20 : Reduction in the production of fissile materials by the United States , the United Kingdom and the USSR.
• May 4 : Opening Geneva Kennedy Round, First Round of the GATT. Lowering of customs barriers (end 30 June 1967 ).
• August 31 : Meeting in Geneva of ^the 3rd International Conference Atomic.
• 5 - 10 October : Conference of Non-Aligned Movement in Cairo : 56 countries present.

Africa

September : colonial war in Mozambique. Tract of propaganda against the Frelimo launched by the Portuguese Aviation

• January 12 : Revolution in Zanzibar , which reverses the Arab hegemony.
• January 31 : The Convention People's Party (CPP) became the single party in Ghana after a referendum : Border dispute between Somalia and Ethiopia.
• Spring, Congo-Leopoldville : Moise Tshombe , supported by the Belgians and the CIA , suppressed a revolt left nationalist backed by the OAU.
• April 10 : Agreement between France and Algeria by unilaterally fixing quarter the number of Algerians in France may come, depending on availability of the job market. This agreement, revised downward in 1968 , sets the annual quota 35,000, then 25,000 three years later.
• April 13 , Rhodesia : Check the power of Ian Smith , president of the Rhodesian Front , opposed to any sharing of power with the Africans. The ZAPU (Zimbabwe African People's Union) and ZANU (Zimbabwe African National Union) are banned and their leaders, including Robert Mugabe for Zanu, imprisoned. Establishing a system of apartheid.
• April 26 : The Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the United Republic of Tanzania.
• 28 - April 30 : Charter of UAMCE (African and Malagasy Union for Economic Cooperation).
• April : Win by unanimous votes of the Sudanese Union-RDA , the single party of Mali elections.
• May 10 : The Tunisian government decided to nationalize all land owned by foreigners, principally those of the settlers. France immediately cancel the financial assistance and recalls its technicians.
• May 13 : Reelection of Modibo Keita as president of Mali.
• June 12 , South Africa : Nelson Mandela , former vice-president of the African National Congress was sentenced to life imprisonment at the Rivonia trial. Wave of protest against the apartheid. The ANC created Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation ") to the armed struggle.
• July 6 : Independence of Malawi (formerly Nyasaland).
• July 10 : Constitutional referendum Congolese. Moise Tshombe , form a government of public hello Congo-Leopoldville.
• 17 - July 21 : Second Summit of the OAU meeting in Cairo. Member States undertake to respect existing borders.
• August ¹ : A new federal constitution was adopted in Congo-Leopoldville. Allowing a multiparty system, the country is now called the Democratic Republic of Congo.
• August 4 , Congo-Leopoldville : Taking Kisangani in the hands of Lumumba in the Belgian forces, British and American, coupled with a propaganda campaign designed to justify foreign intervention and denouncing the atrocities committed by the rebels.
• August 19 : Intervention of France in Gabon to put Leon Mba to power.
• September 25 : In Mozambique , the war Frelimo against the Portuguese (ending in 1974 ).
• September : Visit of President of Mali Modibo Keita in China.
• October 20 : Independence of Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia UK). The UK will retain its economic interests.
• October 24 : Kenneth Kaunda becomes president of Zambia.
• October 29 : Julius Nyerere , President of Tanzania.
• 24 - November 26 , Congolese Crisis : A new Belgian-American intervention to save the European population of Kisangani, causing outrage among African countries even moderate.
• December 8 : Creating a Custom Union and Economics central Africa (UDEAC) who are former colonies of French Equatorial Africa ( Congo - Brazzaville , Cameroon , Gabon , Central African Republic , Chad ) to prepare a future common market ( CEMAC in 1999).
• December 12 : Start of the presidency of Jomo Kenyatta , in Kenya (ending in 1978 ). Kenya becomes a parliamentary republic and centralized.

• British intervention in Kenya and Uganda.

America

• January 9 : Riots in Panama against the United States (Da de los Martires).
• March 12 , Brazil : Dom Helder Camara was appointed archbishop of Recife. It seeks to implement the principles that earned him the nickname "the bishop of the favelas. "
• March 13 , Brazil 150 000 workers gathered in Rio de Janeiro cheer the president Joo Goulart , who signs a decree launching a land reform and other nationalizing oil refineries. The sailors are supporting a demonstration by 2,000 participants March 25. The Minister of the Navy sends troops to stop them, but Goulart intervenes to grant them amnesty. On March 30 , he accused the officers of lacking discipline.
• March 31 , Brazil : As the country plunges into a new cycle of decline, the president Joo Goulart was overthrown by a military coup supported discreetly by the United States and must flee to Uruguay in April. Marshal Castelo Branco assumed the presidency (in late 1968 ) and established a military dictatorship until 1985.
• July 20 , Colombia : Building the FARC , a group of Marxist guerrillas after the Communist Party and the ELN guerrilla group Guevarist of obedience.
• August 6 : Victory of Vctor Paz Estenssoro elections in Bolivia.
• November 3 : Eduardo Frei Montalva , Christian Democrat president Chile (completed in 1970 ).
• November 4 , Bolivia : President Vctor Paz Estenssoro was deposed by his vice-president, General Rene Barrientos Ortuo and the military took power for 18 years of authoritarianism unstable. Barrientos is a popular president, speaking Quechua and governing with more flexibility than its counterparts in Brazil or Argentina (in late 1969 ).
• December ¹ : Gustavo Daz Ordaz , President of the Republic of Mexico.

• The Mexico refuses to submit to a decision by the Organization of American States to suspend diplomatic relations with Cuba. The United States closed their borders to Mexican seasonal workers, which ends a major source of income.

United States

March 27 : Earthquake in Alaska

July 2 : Civil Rights Act

• January 8 : Lyndon Johnson declared war on poverty.
• February : Lyndon Johnson succeeds in passing the law of Kennedy on tax cuts.
• March 27 : Earthquake in Alaska.
• April 22 : Opening of the International Fair of New York
• April Johnson successfully referee a dispute between employers and unions in railways.
• May 22 : In a speech at the University of Michigan , Lyndon Johnson replaces the " New Frontier "of its predecessor program the" Great Society ".
• May 24 : Operation Sea Orbit.
• July 2 : Adoption by the Congress of the Civil Rights Act (Act "civil rights" for minorities).
• July 18 : Riots racial Harlem.
• 2 - August 4 : Gulf of Tonkin Incident. Attack on two U.S. destroyers.
• August 7 : Johnson gets the Congress to almost unanimously the Gulf of Tonkin resolution that gave him full authority to "repel any armed attack" and "prevent any future aggression" in the region. Later ( 1968 ), the Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara recognize that attacked the two destroyers were involved in offensive operations, South Vietnamese against the North.
• August 20 : The Economic Opportunity Act allocates funds to one billion dollars to various agencies and local programs responsible for helping young people gain vocational training.
• 28 - August 30 : Race riots in Philadelphia.
• November 3 : Election of Democrat Lyndon Johnson as president of the United States with 61.1% of the vote against Republican Barry Goldwater who, with 38.5%, suffered the most bitter defeat in the history of the American presidency. This defeat marks the kickoff for the Republicans an ideological offensive, well organized and well financed, designed to rehabilitate a hardline capitalism.
• October 14 : Martin Luther King receives the Nobel Prize for Peace.
• November 21 : End of construction of the Verrazano Narrows Bridge in New York that supersedes the Golden Gate Bridge as the longest suspension bridge in the world.

• Indian organize "fish-in on the Nisqually River (State of Washington ) to claim their fishing rights given by treaty in 1854.
• The number of poor increased from 39 to 24 million.

Asia

July: effigies of Charles de Gaulle and Ho Chi Minh hanged by students from Saigon to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the Geneva Accords

December 24: Bomb attack on Viet Cong against the Brinks Hotel in Saigon

• January 27 : The UK , the Netherlands , the Danish , the Norway and France recognize the People's Republic of China.
• March 23 : Abolition of political parties in Burma. Ne Win is preparing the country to socialism.
• April 5 : Assassination of Jigme Palden Dorji , Prime Minister of Bhutan since 1952.
• April 28 : The Japan enters the OECD.
• May 26 : The China rejects a call to Britain , asking him to intervene to stop the fighting in Laos.
  • The Laos is involved in the Vietnam War. The United States bombed the country to block the movement of Vietnamese troops and supplies along the Ho Chi Minh Trail which starts from North Vietnam and Laos through the entire East to supply the South. The Plain of Jars is completely destroyed by the bombing between May 1964 and September 1969. The bombing continued until 1973.
• May 27 : Death of Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
• June 8 : The Legislative Council is replaced by a national meeting in Papua New Guinea.
• June 9 : Lal Bahadur Shastri becomes Prime Minister of India (ending in 1966 ). It reduces the powers of the Planning Commission, then the nerve center of government. He believes that the agricultural sector in India commands all other sectors, and that planning in this area should be relaxed. Indira Gandhi became minister of information.
• August : Riots in India in major cities.
• August 2 : Naval Incident in the Gulf of Tonkin , the U.S. took the opportunity to initiate an escalation in Viet Nam : bombing the North.
• August 4 : Top U.S. aerial bombing over North Vietnam in response to North Vietnamese aggression in the Gulf of Tonkin. U.S. warplanes bombed 25 stars.
• August 7 : Prime Minister of South Vietnam Nguyen Khanh declares state of emergency following the bombing of August 4.
• September 11 : Military Agreement between the USSR and India.
• Sept. 18 - Nov. 4 : 7th Congress of the Preparatory Commission for the establishment of the Tibet Autonomous Region. " The Panchen Lama Gyaltsen Choekyi was relieved of his duties as Acting President of the Commission after calling in a public speech to Lhasa for a return of the Dalai Lama on the throne. After undergoing a session of public criticism, he was imprisoned in China until 1978.
• September 30 : The King of Afghanistan Mohammad Zahir Shah promulgated a constitution more liberal.
• October ¹ : Opening of the line of super-express Tokaido (the " Shinkansen "); first highway Tokyo - Nagoya.
• 10 - Oct. 24 : Olympic Games in Tokyo.
• October 16 : First atomic bomb China.
• October 30 : First major attack of the Viet Cong on the airbase American Bien Hoa. The war spread to Laos and Cambodia , which are affected by violent bombardments, as well as Vietnam and North regions of South Vietnam under the influence of the FNL.

• In India , the doubling of military spending coupled with bad monsoons have an immediate impact on food prices.
• The Japanese Communist Party broke with the Soviet CP.

Middle East

• January : Pope Paul VI visits the Holy Land where he met the patriarch Greek Athenagoras.
• January - March : Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia Faisal military support to insurgent royalists of Yemen with the help of Great Britain and Jordan. Egypt is supported by assistance provided to the Soviet Republic.
• March 28 : British bombardment of Fort Harib in Yemen .
• April 9 : The Security Council UN adopts a resolution to condemn the British intervention in Yemen.
• May : Travel to Khrushchev in Egypt. The Egyptian Communist Party s'autodissout.
• May 13 : Inauguration of the first tranche of the Aswan Dam in Egypt , by Nikita Khrushchev and Gamal Abdel Nasser.
• May 23 - June 2 : Opening of the First Congress Palestinian Jerusalem. Creation of the Organization for the Liberation of Palestine ( PLO ) and the Army for the Liberation of Palestine (ALP). The PLO Executive Committee (CEOLP) was elected and chaired by Ahmed Choukairy. The orientation of the PLO is much closer to pan-Arabism and Nasser, unlike Fatah. Yasser Arafat shows his opposition on his way to Algiers with Abu Jihad and gets help from Ahmed Ben Bella to conduct guerrilla operations against Israel.
• May 28 : Adoption of the Palestinian National Charter.
• May : President Lyndon Johnson receives the President of the Israeli Council for Washington. He claims that the U.S. will defend the territorial integrity of Hebrew.
• September 11 : Closing of the Conference of the Arab League. tributaries of the Jordan River will be diverted to prevent the Israelis to irrigate the desert of Negev and the PLO is recognized.
• Sept. 22 : Charles Helou , President of Lebanon (completed in 1970 ). It continues the policy of Fouad Chehab but can not prevent the resurgence of traditional leaders and the resulting weakening of the state.
• September : To break the military stalemate Yemen , Nasser decides to negotiate and meet with Faisal Alexandria / A>. They agree on the principle of neutralization of Yemen but this decision is not respected.
• 2 November : Faisal laid his brother and becomes king of Saudi Arabia. Saud took refuge in Egypt where he is greeted by Nasser.

• Created Beirut organization Al-Asifa (Storm), military wing of Fatah , which is conducting commando operations against Israel at the end of the year. Composed of 300 young fighters from the camps, it boasts more than 300 operations until June 1967.

Europe

• February :
  • Visit of President of the Romanian Government Ion Gheorghe Maurer to Peking.
  • Foundation Class operaia newspaper in Italy : Mario Soares organizes the Portuguese Socialist Action (Aco Socialista Portuguesa).
  • May 26 : Inauguration of the canalization of the Moselle by the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg Charlotte , German and French presidents Heinrich Lbke and Charles de Gaulle.
  • June 26 : First disagreements between the Socialists and Christian Democrats in Italy. Following the House voting against the budget of National Education, Aldo Moro resigns and is its second center-left government after a difficult crisis, troubled about many rumors about a possible coup.
  • August 7 : The President of the Republic of Italy , Antonio Segni , became seriously ill. Senate President exercises the functions of Head of State ad interim.
  • August 21 : Death of Palmiro Togliatti , general secretary of the Italian Communist Party and several times minister, at Yalta.
  • September 5 : Opening of the Forth road bridge , the longest in the world above the Firth of Forth in Scotland.
  • September 21 : Malta becomes independent from UK.
  • October 14 , Soviet Union: Nikita Khrushchev is removed from office. He criticizes their failures in agricultural policy and industrial policy as well as external. Leonid Brezhnev succeeded him as first secretary of the CPSU. Alexei Kosygin assume the presidency, while Nikolai Podgorny replaces Anastas Mikoyan as president of the Soviet Supreme. Early in his career, Brezhnev demonstrated a certain dynamism, but from 1974 , ill, he winces at the status quo, letting it develop mafias and corruption to further consolidate his power.
  • October 15 : Labor wins the legislative elections in the United Kingdom.
  • October 16 : Beginning of Labor Ministry of Harold Wilson , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (completed in 1970 ).
  • November 12 , the Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg abdicated in favor of his eldest son Prince John.
  • December 15 : The NASA launched the first Italian satellite, San Marco.
  • December 28 : Resignation of Antonio Segni. Saragat Giuseppe was elected president of the Italian Republic.
  • December : One million unemployed in Italy. Recovery Plan of Aldo Moro (late in 1965 ).
  • The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia became an associate member of Comecon.
  • Blockade of Gibraltar by Franco.
  • Campaign for Democracy in Ulster against the discrimination suffered by Catholic Citizenship in Northern Ireland.
  • Cooperation between the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Romanian People's Republic to build a great project for navigation and hydropower to the Iron Gates on the Danube.
  • Currency crisis in the United Kingdom (1964-1967) announcing a period of economic difficulty.
  • School reform in the United Kingdom allowing local authorities to establish comprehensive schools bringing all students regardless of their social origin.
  • Soviet Union: Efforts will focus on industries of fertilizers, plastics and rubber.

  France

  Main article: 1964 in France.

  Switzerland

  Main article: 1964 in Switzerland.

  Thematic Chronologies

  Main articles: 1964 in science , 1964 in railways , aviation, 1964 , 1964 Sport and 1964 in computing.

  Arts and Culture

  Main articles: 1964 in film , music, 1964 , 1964, classical music , literature, 1964 , 1964 and theater , 1964 in Architecture , 1964 in comics , television, 1964 and 1964 (Chronology of Dada and Surrealism).

  Births in 1964

  • January 7 : Nicolas Cage , actor American
  • January 10 : Evelyn Thomas , TV presenter French
  • January 11 : Albert Dupontel , actor French
  • January 14 : Frdrique Massat , politician French
  • January 17 : Jamy Gourmaud , television host French
  • January 23 : Mariska Hargitay , actress American
  • January 27 : Bridget Fonda , actress American
  • January 31 : Jeff Hanneman , guitarist and co-founder of thrash metal band Slayer of American
  • February 3 : Peter Kohler , politician Swiss
  • February 5 : Laura Linney , actress American
  • February 15 : Leland D. Melvin , Astronaut U.S.
  • February 18 : Matt Dillon , actor American
  • February 19 :
    • Serge Perez , writer French
    • Mark E. Kelly , astronaut U.S.
    • Scott J. Kelly , astronaut U.S.
  • March 3 : Laura Harring , actress American
  • March 5th : Bertrand Cantat , lead singer of French Black Desire
  • March 6 : Sandro Rosell , president of FC Barcelona
  • March 7 : Bret Easton Ellis , writer U.S.
  • March 8 : Zbigniew Chlebowski , economist Polish
  • March 9 :
    • Juliette Binoche , actress French
    • Valerie Lemercier , actress French
  • March 10 :
    • Neneh Cherry , singer Swedish daughter of Don Cherry and sister to Eagle Eye Cherry
    • HRH Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex , Prince of the United Kingdom
  • March 17 : Rob Lowe , actor American
  • March 24 :
    • Marek Kaminski : explorer Polish
    • Annabella Sciorra , actress American
    • Raphael Mezrahi , comic actor French
  • March 27 : Kad Merad , actor, comedian and writer Franco-Algerian
  • March 30 : Tracy Chapman , author, songwriter American
  • April 3 : Dimitri Bodianski saxophonist group Indochina
  • April 7 : Russell Crowe , American
  • April 16 :
    • El Yiyo (Jos Cubero Sanchez), Matador Spanish ( 30 August 1985 )
    • Esbjorn Svensson , pianist Jazz Swedish ( 14 June 2008 )
  • April 18 : Isabelle Marie Anne de Varenne Truchis called Zazie , singer-songwriter French
  • April 25 : Andy Bell , British singer of the group Erasure
  • May 8 : Melissa Gilbert , actress American
  • May 4 : Rocco Siffredi , actor porno Italian
  • May 5 : Jean-Francois Cope , politician French
  • May 14 : James M. Kelly , astronaut U.S.
  • May 20 : Paul W. Richards , astronaut U.S.
  • May 23 : Ruth Metzler-Arnold , politician and former Federal Councillor Swiss
  • May 25 : Ivan Bella , astronaut Slovak
  • May 26 :
    • Paul Okalik , Premier of Nunavut
    • Lenny Kravitz , singer American
  • May 30 : Tom Morello , guitarist of Rage Against The Machine and Audioslave
  • June 10 : Ben Daniels , actor, UK
  • June 11 : Jean Alesi , race car driver French F1
  • June 15 : Courteney Cox , actress American
  • June 21 : Doug Savant , actor America (series: Desperate Housewives )
  • June 24 :
    • Philippe Fargeon footballer French
    • Jean-Luc Delarue , host television producer, U.S.
  • June 27 :
    • Johnny Herbert , F1 driver, British
    • Serge Le Dizet , footballer and coach U.S.
  • July 9 : Courtney Love , musician and actress American
  • July 12 : Serge Lehman , author of science fiction French
  • July 16 :
    • Miguel Indurain , a cyclist Spanish
    • Nino Burjanadze , politician, president of the Georgia Acting
    • Anne Provoost , writer Belgian
  • July 20 : Chris Cornell , lead singer and guitarist U.S.
  • July 21 : Akira Yasuda , illustrator Japanese
  • July 26 : Philippe Blasband , filmmaker Belgian
  • August 3 : Joan Higginbotham , astronaut U.S.
  • Aug. 16 : Jimmy Arias , player of Tennis U.S.
  • August 22 : Mats Wilander , player of tennis Swedish
  • August 24 : Salizhan Sharipov , cosmonaut Uzbekistan
  • September 2 : Keanu Reeves , actor Canada
  • September 14 : Laurent Fournier , footballer French
  • Sept. 20 : Maggie Cheung , actress Hong Kong
  • September 22 : Benoit Poelvoorde , actor Belgian
  • September 23 : Bruno Solo , actor French
  • September 30 :
    • Stephen N. Frick , astronaut U.S.
    • Monica Bellucci , actress Italian
  • October 3 : Clive Owen , actor UK
  • October 10 : Manuel Legris , dancer French
  • October 13 : Nie Hishng , astronaut
  • October 22 : Lionel Abelanski , actor French
  • Oct. 23 : Robert Trujillo , bassist for the heavy metal band Metallica since 2003.
  • Oct. 26 : Marc Lepine , the murderer of the Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal
  • Oct. 30 : Sandra Magnus , an astronaut U.S.
  • November 11 : Calista Flockhart , actress American
  • November 13 : Ronald Agenor , player of tennis Haiti
  • November 16 : Valeria Bruni-Tedeschi , an actress, screenwriter, director French
  • November 19 : Nicholas Patrick , astronaut U.S.
  • November 29 : Don Cheadle , actor and producer U.S.
  • December 2 : David Pujadas , journalist French
  • December 8 : Teri Hatcher , American (Series: Desperate Housewives )
  • December 9 : Paul Landers , guitarist (rhythm) Belarusian German group Rammstein
  • December 13 : Hideto Matsumoto said hide , singer and guitarist of Japan ( 2 May 1998 )
  • December 16 : Heike Drechsler , athlete German
  • December 19 :
    • Beatrice Dalle , actress French
    • Francis Letellier , journalist French

  see also: Category: 1964 births

  Deaths in 1964

  • January 21 : Carlo Chiarlo , apostolic nuncio and Italian cardinal (b. 4 November 1881 ).
  • January 29 : Alan Ladd , American actor.
  • February 18 : Joseph-Armand Bombardier , Quebec inventor.
  • February 25 :
    • Alexander Archipenko , American sculptor of Russian origin.
    • Maurice Farman , French aviation pioneer.
  • April 5 :
    • James Paul Chapin , an ornithologist American (b. 1889 ).
    • Douglas MacArthur , American general (b. 1880 ).
  • May 27 : Pandit Nehru , Indian Prime Minister (b. 1889 ).
  • June 3 : Eemil Frans Sillanp , Finnish writer (b. 1888 ).
  • July 12 : Thorez , Waldeck Rochet succeeded him as head of the PCF ( 1900 ).
  • August 12 : Ian Fleming , British novelist, father of James Bond (b. 1908 ).
  • September 4 : Clement Emile Roques , French cardinal, archbishop of Rennes (b. 8 December 1880 ).
  • October 15 : Cole Porter , American composer (b. 1891 ).
  • October 20 : Herbert Hoover , former president of the United States (b. 1874 ).
  • October 27 : Rudolph Mate , director Poland (b. 21 January 1898 ).
  • October 31 : Theodore Freeman , American astronaut (b. 18 February 1930 ).
  • November 26 : Bodil Ipsen , director Danish.
  • December 11 :
    • Sam Cooke , American singer of rhythm and blues (b. 22 January 1931 ).
    • Alma Mahler , born Schindler, artist, composer and painter of Austrian origin ( 31 August 1879 ).
  • December 12 : Boris Karlov , Bulgarian accordionist.

  see also: Category: 1964 deaths

  References

  1. Ghanaian Constitutional Referendum, 1964 (en)
  2. Somalia - HISTORY
  3. RFI - African Union - OAU, Forty Years of History ...
  4. [[| Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia]] (es)
  5. Ratification of the Convention on the OECD
  6. Yemen 1964
  7. It paese Mancato: dal miracolo ... - Google Books
  8. euroHspot - 1964

  
  

  • Portal 1960
  • Portal of the contemporary world

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