1902

This page is for year 1902 of the Gregorian calendar

Events

Africa

• January ¹ : The Advisory Committee for the Defence of the Colonies, chaired by the Minister Gaston Doumergue , decided to create "native reserves" to form a military force able to support France in case of war.
• December 30 : The Spanish government ready to invade Morocco , and several warships to Tangier.

• The amenokal Fihroun , Head of Touareg Oulliminden , listening to the advice of the marabout Mohammed Ahmed , a dissident and does not submit the 23 January 1903 , making his surrender to Gao to Lieutenant-Colonel Jean Dagnaux .
• Early reign of Daoud Mourra , Sultan of Wadai (ending in 1911 ).
• The kingdom Bamum comes into contact with the German settlers who occupy the Cameroon (1902 - 1903 ).

• Shipments Bauer and Waldo Von on the Benue and Chad (1902 - 1 903 ), Knight in the basin of the Chari (1 902 - 1903 ), of Laperrine (1902-1904) and Gautier (1902-1905) in Western Sahara.

• The German authorities decided to introduce the cultivation of cotton binding in the south-east Tanganyika.
• Creating the "British Crown": the crown becomes the owner of "vacant land" in the colonies where there is no indigenous government and can sell them or rent them.
• Created in Nairobi of a committee of Encouragement Colonization, then in 1903 a Farmers and Growers Association on the initiative of Lord Delamere. The white immigration to Kenya is accelerating in 1908 and then in the 1920s.
• Ban the emigration of Africans from Kenya to the mines of South Africa.

America

May 8 : Eruption of Mount Pelee in 1902

• January 31 : Closing of the International Conference of American States to Mexico (opened on 2 October 1901 ). Creating the International Bureau of American Republics. Drago agreement limiting the use of force for the recovery of a debt.
• May 8 , French Antilles : Eruption tragedy of Mount Pelee in Martinique , the city of Saint-Pierre is completely destroyed (30,000 dead) because of a pyroclastic flow.
• May 20 : The United States withdrew their troops from Cuba becomes independent.
• June : Inauguration of the railway line between New York and Chicago , the fastest of the United States.
• July 30 , USA : Clashes between Jews and Irish in New York during the funeral of a rabbi. The police, made up primarily of Irish, is accused of arbitrarily clubbed Jews.
• August 6 , Brazil : Taking Xapuri Jos Plcido de Castro formed a company that seizes Xapuri and declares independence of Acre.
• August 22 : Foundation of the Cadillac Automobile Company by William Murphy.
• October 24 : Treaty Neerlandia. End of the Thousand Days War in Colombia. Introduction of a conservative Republic (1903-1930).
• November 17 : First general strike in Argentina , involving over 20,000 workers.

• Beginning of the exodus of Jews to the North America to escape persecution in Europe Central.

Oceania

• July 12 : The Australian Parliament grants the right to vote to women and establishes restrictions on immigration.

Asia

• January 30 : Anglo-Japanese Treaty ( Lansdowne - Hayashi ) stating the non-intervention by Europe in case of Russo-Japanese War.
• July ¹ : Civil Government in the Philippines after the surrender of the remaining insurgents.
• July 4 : Official End of the Philippine-American War.
• December 16 : An earthquake in Turkestan is about 4000 victims.

• Resistance of the Moro Island Mindanao against the Americans in the Philippines (completed in 1913 ).
• The Laos gets the Siamese territory Paklay ( Sayaburi ).

Middle East

• January 16 : With the help of Britain, Abdul Aziz Ibn Sa'ud resumed Riyadh to Rashid , supported by the Ottomans, and began the reconquest of the Nejd.
• February 4 : First Congress of the CUP in Paris , organized with the support of the Syrian Christians residing in France.
• September : For the first time in an article in National Review , published in London , American Alfred Thayer Mahan , an expert on naval history, uses the term Middle East.

• Zionist Theodor Herzl refuses the proposal of the Ottoman Empire to establish a Zionist home Mesopotamia fee.

Europe

August 9 : Alexandra of Denmark , wife of Edward VII of the United Kingdom in costume crown

• January 20 : In Switzerland , the population rejects by referendum the separation of church and state.
• February 15 : Inauguration of the Berlin subway.
• April ¹ : Inauguration of the new parliament building in Bern.
• April 29 , Bilbao : Merger of two large steel mills that form the Cantabrian Altos Hornos de Vizcaya.
• May 17 : Majority policy of King Alfonso XIII (Alfonso XIII) in Spain (late in 1931 ).
• June 28 : Renewal of the Triple Alliance.
• July 10 : Signing of secret-Prinetti Barrere between Italy and France. The two countries pledge to respect freedom of action of each in Cyrenaica - Tripoli and Morocco. Italy will maintain its neutrality in case of direct or indirect aggression of Germany against France.
• July 11 : The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Lord Robert Salisbury left his office because of his age after 14 years in office.
• July 12 : Beginning of the Conservative ministry of Arthur James Balfour , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (completed in 1905 ).
• July 14 : In Venice , collapse of the Campanile of San Marco , built in 1540.
• August 9 : Coronation of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom.
• September 6 : End of the ^Seventh Congress of the Italian Socialist Party at Imola. The progressive trend, led by Filippo Turati binds the revolutionary current. Conditions for a different relationship between government and opposition have finally met.
• September 25 : A cyclone devastates near Catania ( Italy ).
• September : The Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Zanardelli journey through Lucania personally to inquire about the problems of the Mezzogiorno and witness to the interest that his government is to solve these problems. It calls for a parliamentary inquiry into the issue of the Mezzogiorno.
• October : Third Convention Cumann na nGaedhael. Founding of Sinn Fein , the paramilitary movement for the independence of Ireland by Arthur Griffith (effective in 1905 ).
• December 25 : New Customs Tariff in Germany , adopted on ¹ March 1906.
• September 29 : Decree approving the establishment of the Commercial University Luigi Bocconi in Milan.

• Case of Taff Vale , a company of railroad Wales , is suing the union of railwaymen for organizing picket lines. The union is condemned by the High Court to pay a fine of 42 000. Follows a campaign by Labour to defend trade union rights.

• Primary schools are subsidized by the Swiss Confederation.

• The Portugal has 2300 km of railways.
• The post has nearly doubled in ten years in Italy (5.65 folds per capita on average in 1887-1888, 9.14 in 1901-1902). The road network grew from 82,636 km in 1880 to 137 342 km in 1902.

France

• April 27 - May 11 : Victory of the Left Bloc elections.

Switzerland

Russia

Dates of the Julian calendar.

• January 17 : Anglo-Japanese Alliance. Recognition of particular interests of Japan in Korea.
• January 22 : Special Commission to study the needs of the agricultural industry chaired by Serge Witte. Opposition by the Minister of Interior Plehve.
• January 25 : In Russia , the abolition of capital punishment.
• March : The Russian revolutionary Lenin publishes What to do?. He expresses his views on building a revolutionary party strongly centralized. The majority social groups align themselves with Democrats League of Iskra.
• March 26 : Russian-Chinese Convention on the gradual withdrawal of Russian troops in Manchuria.
• March-April: Agrarian Problems in the provinces of Kharkov and Poltava. Repression.
• April 2 : Assassination of Minister of Interior Sipiagin by Balmachov linked to the militant organization socialist revolutionary.
• April 4 : Vyacheslav Plehve becomes interior minister. He leads a repressive policy.
• May ¹ : Workers' demonstrations in the suburb of Sormovo ( Mother of Gorky ).
• April 18 : Joseph Dzhugashvili ( Stalin ) was arrested during a clandestine meeting and deported to Siberia.
• 23 - June 26 : Program developed moderate liberal in an informal meeting of presidents of Zemstvos to Moscow.
• July : Publication of the journal Osvobozhdeniye (Liberation) in Stuttgart. Birth of a democratic and constitutional liberalism more radical ( Petrounkievitch , Miliukov , Maklakov , Sprouve , etc..).
• July : Foundation of a cartel for the sale of metallurgical products (Prodamet) facing the industrial crisis.
• September 22 : Nicolas II of Russia puts Finland under the authority of a Governor General Russian.
• October : Lev Davidovich Bronstein makes contact with Lenin in London and took the name of Trotsky.
• November : labor unrest. General strike in Rostov-on-Don.

• Russo-Bulgarian Military Convention (1902 - 1913 ).
• Completion of the Trans-Siberian (15 days traveling between Moscow and Vladivostok ) .

Thematic Chronologies

Arts and Culture

Riders on the beach of Gauguin.

• September 28 : At Seville ( Spain ), AC Rafael Gmez Ortega said " El Gallo " Matador Spanish.
• Beaux Arts:
  • June : Exhibition of works by Aristide Maillol in Paris.

Nobel Prize

• Nobel Prize in Physics : Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman
• Nobel Prize in Chemistry : Hermann Emil Fischer
• Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine : Ronald Ross
• Nobel literature : Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen
• Nobel Peace Prize : Elie Ducommun and Charles Albert Gobat

Births in 1902

• January 8 : Georgy Malenkov , Soviet politician.
• Jan. 11 : Maurice Durufle , French organist and composer ( 16 June 1986 ).
• January 14 : Alfred Tarski , logician Polish ( 26 October 1983 ).
• January 19 : Robert Delcourt , Belgian writer and dramatist ( 1967 ).
• January 31 : Andre Gougenheim , French geographer, academician, ( 1975 )

• February ¹ : Langston Hughes , American writer.
• February 4 : Charles Lindbergh , American aviator.
• February 11 : Arne Jacobsen , Danish designer.
• February 22 : Alfred Georges Regner , French painter and engraver.
• February 26 : " Algabeo hijo "(Jos Garca Carranza), matador. Spanish ( 30 December 1936 ).
• February 27 : John Steinbeck , American writer.

• March 29 : Marcel Ayme , a French writer.

• April 4 :
  • Manuel Granero , bullfighter Spanish ( 7 May 1922 ).
  • Louise de Vilmorin (Louise Lvesque), French novelist.
• April 5 : Maurice Ponte , French physicist, academician ( 26 September 1983 ).
• April 6 : Julien Torma writer, poet and dramatuge French.
• April 9 : Theodore Monod , French biologist, academician ( 2000 ).
• April 10 : Charles-Marie Himmer , Bishop Belgium ( 11 January 1994 ).
• April 15 : Chicuelo (Manuel Jimnez Moreno), Gallardo Spanish ( 31 October 1967 ).
• April 18 : Menachem Mendel Schneerson , the Lubavitcher Rebbe ^7th ( 1994 ).

• May 3 : Alfred Kastler , French physicist, Nobel Prize in physics 1966 ( 1984 ).
• May 6 : Max Ophls , German director.
• May 8 : Andre Lwoff , French biologist, Nobel Prize Physiology Medicine in 1965 ( 1994 ).
• May 14 : Hugh Borton , an American historian.
• May 23 : Leona Delcourt , French known for Nadja ( 15 January 1941 ).
• May 29 : Henri Guillaumet , French aviator.

• June ¹ :
  • Siegfried Balke , German chemist
  • a href = "% C3% L A9opold_Escande & action = edit & RedLINK = 1" class = "new" title = "Leopold Escande (non-existent page)"> Leopold Escande , French engineer, academician, ( 1980 )
• June 19 : Barbara McClintock , American scientist, eminent cytogeneticist Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1983.
• June 21 : Howie Morenz , Canadian hockey player ( 1937 ).

• July 7 : Vittorio De Sica , Italian actor and director.
• July 18 : Nathalie Sarraute , French writer and journalist
• July 20 : Paul Yoshigoro Taguchi , Japanese cardinal, archbishop of Osaka ( 23 February 1978 ).
• July 28 : Karl Popper , philosopher of science.

• August 5 : Albert Valentin , Belgian writer and director ( 13 April 1968 ).
• August 8 : Paul Dirac , physicist British Nobel Prize for Physics in 1933 ( 1984 ).
• August 13 : Felix Wankel , German engineer in automotive ( 9 October 1988 ).
• August 16 : Lucien Lanvin , French couturier.
• August 22 : Leni Riefenstahl , German actress and director.
• August 23 : Gaston Cordier , French surgeon, academician, ( 1965 ).
• August 27 : Willam Christensen , dancer, choreographer and ballet master American ( 2001 ).
• August 30 : Jzef Maria Bocheski philosopher Polish ( 8 February 1995 ).

• September 12 : Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira , Brazilian politician.
• Sept. 21 : Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard , British anthropologist ( 1973 ).
• September 29 :
  • Miguel Alemn Valds , President of Mexico between 1946 and 1952.
  • Mikel Koliqi , Cardinal Albanian ( 28 January 1997 ).

• October 2 : Roy Campbell , writer UK.
• October 16 : Jean Wyart , French geologist, academician, ( 1992 ).
• October 23 : Kristman Gudmundsson , Icelandic writer.

• November 9 : Anthony Asquith , director and screenwriter UK ( 1968 ).
• November 22 : Philippe Leclerc Hauteclocque , French soldier, Marshal of France ( 28 December 1947 ).
• November 29 : Carlo Levi , Italian writer and painter.

• December 10 : Langston Hughes , American writer.
• December 28 : Shen Congwen , Chinese writer ( 1988 ).
• December 29 : Verschueren Marceau said V. Marceau , accordionist and composer French.

• Hugh Borton , an American historian

Deaths in 1902

• March 3 : Henry Gourgouillon , French sculptor (b. 1858 )
• March 26 : Cecil Rhodes , British politician and South Africa (b. 5 July 1853 ).
• April 3 : Jean-Louis Dubut de Laforest , French writer (b. 1853 )
• April 12 : Alfred Cornu , French physicist, academician, born in 1841.
• April 28 : Henri Filhol , French scholar, born in 1843.
• April 30 : Xavier Montpin , French writer, born in 1823.
• June 11 : Ali Bey III , Bey of Tunis (b. 14 August 1817 )
• July 6 : Maria Goretti , Italian saint (b. 16 October 1890 ).
• July 14 : Herv Faye , a French astronomer, scholar, born in 1814.
• August 3 : James Tissot , French painter.
• September 16 : Alexander Willem Michiel Van Hasselt , physician and naturalist Dutch ( 1814 ).
• September 19
  • Shiki Masaoka , Japanese poet (b. 1867 )
  • Marie-Henriette de Habsburg-Lorraine , second queen of the Belgians (b. 23 August 1836 )
• September 22 : Alexis Damour , French Academician, born in 1808.
• September 29 : Emile Zola , French writer (b. 2 April 1840 )
• October 26 : Elizabeth C. Stanton , militant feminist America.
• November 2 : Rudolph Albert von Klliker , Swiss biologist.
• November 22 : Friedrich Krupp , German industrialist.
• December 7 : Peter-Paul Dehrain , French economist, scholar, born in 1830.
• December 8 : Paul Hautefeuille , French mineralogist, academician, born in 1836.
• December 11 : Matthias Hohner , German manufacturer of musical instruments ..

References

• Portal 1900
• Portal of the contemporary world

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