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1806
This page is for year 1806 of the Gregorian calendar .
The year 1806 was a year of the Christian era. January 1 marks the restoration of the common era , with abandonment of republican calendar by Napoleon.
For Alexander Kojeve , this year marks the end of the story.
Summary |
Events
Africa
- March 13 : British naval victory over France at the Battle of Cape Verde
- Holy war of Usman dan Fodio in Zaria (ending in 1812 ).
- The king of Wadai Abd el-Karim invaded Baguirmi to appeal Boulala rebels. He pillaged the capital Massenya and kills the mbang Abd er-Rahman. After months of anarchy, he puts on the throne Bourkoumanda Ousmane , a son of Abd er-Rahman, forced to pay tribute to Wadai and Bornu (reigned 1807 to 1846 ).
- Rebellions in feudal kingdom Mossi of Yatenga ( Burkina Faso ) to the death of the sovereign Naba Kango , which had consolidated the country's forces in opposing the surge Bambara eastward. Conducted by Nakoms these revolts begin the decline of the kingdom Yatenga.
- Victory of the Ashanti of Osei Bonsu on the Fanti to Abora. The British offer to mediate, but were swept by the Ashanti that invade Anomabu and the entire coast to Winneba.
- The island of Reunion Island became Bonaparte.
- Expedition Amaro Jose and Joao Baptista (1806 - 1814 ). They succeeded for the first time to cross the continent to join the Angola to Mozambique , at the cost of detention of several years at the Mwata Kazembe.
Cape Colony
- January 8 : Defeat the Dutch Battle of Blaauwberg near the Cape in South Africa.
- January 19 : Cape Town finally became a British colony.
- July: The British consolidated their presence by appointing a governor to the Cape Colony.
- The missionaries of the LMS (London Missionary Society) encourage mixed Dutch-Hottentot to found, under their control, of Soviet Grik nearby rivers Vaal and Orange , which faces the conceptions of racial Boers.
- Dutch settlers occupy a small area, bounded on the north by the desert of Kalahari and is the Fish River. With them live a few Hottentots and a significant minority of mixed Dutch-Hottentot. Development of the British colony of the Cape is a source of conflict with the Boers.
- The British introduced the freedom of the press. Newspapers in English (Commercial Advertiser, Grahamston Journal) or Afrikaans (Zuid Afrikaans) appear and contribute to passionate debates between the Boers and British.
America
Main article: 1806 United States.
- February : failed separatist uprising in Venezuela led by the Creole Francisco de Miranda , supported by the United Kingdom who wishes to obtain facilities for trade with Latin America.
- February 6 : British naval victory over France at the Battle of San Domingo.
- April 18 : Nicholson Act. First penalty of the United States against the British who seized American ships bound for Europe under the sea blockade.
- June 27 : First British invasion in the Rio de la Plata. An expeditionary force landed on 25 June is Buenos Aires.
- August 12 : British Surrender to Buenos Aires following the intervention of the popular militias.
- October 17 : Assassination of Jacques I (alias Jean-Jacques Dessalines), emperor of Haiti since 1804.
- November 22 : Foundation in Quebec 's French-language daily Le Canadien (at liberal and nationalist "to respond to the attacks of the Quebec Mercury, founded in 1805.
Asia
- Lungtok Gyatso becomes the ninth Dalai Lama (completed in 1815 ).
- Death of Shah Alam II. Akbar Shah II became Emperor Mughal under the tutelage of the British.
- Nguyen Anh proclaimed himself Emperor of Vietnam under the name Gia Long , with the inauguration of China. It creates an absolute power, highly centralized. It eliminates the last vestiges of feudalism and reformed the army, higher education and administration.
- Early reign of Ang Chan II , King of Cambodia (end in 1834 ).
- Pok Khmer Mandarin is mandated by the Siam Siamese safeguard the interests in Cambodia.
Middle East
- The city of Jerusalem has about 12,000 inhabitants including 3000 Jews.
- Conquest of Baku and Derbent by the Russians.
Europe
- January 23 : Death of William Pitt the Younger (1759-1806), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Fox continues its policy against France and then in turn dies September 13.
- February 11 : Beginning of Whig ministry of William Wyndham Grenville , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (completed in 1807 ).
- March 30 : Napoleon place Joseph Bonaparte on the throne of Naples.
- May 16 : A British Order in Council declares an embargo on the shores of the Elbe to Brest.
- June 5 : The Kingdom of Holland replaced the Batavian Republic.
- June 22 : Start of the reign of Louis Bonaparte ( 1778 - 1846 ), king of Holland (completed in 1810 ). He became popular. He continued the reforms: direct taxation, abolition of guilds ( 1808 ), legal codification of customs ( August ), introduction of the Napoleonic code adapted ( 1809 ), court reform, reform of primary education, foundation of the royal archives, library Royal, the Royal Museum, the Royal Academy of Sciences.
- July 12 : Treaty of Paris : Creation of the Confederation of the Rhine , which recognizes Napoleon as "protector" ( August 1 ) and has a membership of fifteen German princes.
- July 16 : End of the Holy Roman Empire. Francis II assumes the title of Emperor of Austria under the name of Francis I.
- August 6 : The Emperor of Austria absolve the Germans of the oath of allegiance to the Emperor. It's the end of the Holy Roman Empire Roman Empire.
- August 15 : Naval Battle of Gibraltar
- 1 October : Prussian Ultimatum to Napoleon : the beginning of the fourth coalition : United Kingdom , Prussia , Russia , Sweden. The Prussian armies are on the Main ( Hohenlohe , 56 000 men) and south ( Brunswick , 75 000 men).
- The Grand Army was stationed in Germany between South and immediately the campaign on October 7 , placing himself between the two Prussian armies.
- October 10 : French victory over the Prussian to the Battle of Saalfeld
- October 14 :
- Simultaneous victories Napoleon and Davout , in Jena , and Auerstadt against the Prussians Hohenlohe and Brunswick.
- The French armies come in Posen , expecting a general uprising of the Poles. Napoleon declared that France is still hostile to the partition of Poland , but makes no political promise to not weld the three powers against him sharing.
- October 21 :
- Murat and his cavalry pursued the enemy forces to Berlin. Rejected in East Prussia, the Prussians joined up with Russian troops.
- Berlin decree codifying the Continental Blockade and closing all European ports to British ships. Any entry of goods from the United Kingdom and Colonies shall be prohibited; any vessel of any flag to be, released in the United Kingdom is declared good prize. The decree applies to France and its allies. Although unevenly applied, it raises two serious crises in the United Kingdom in 1806-1807 and 1810 - 1812. Russia will participate after Tilsit.
- November : The French troops entered Pozna or they receive a warm welcome.
- November 15 : The troops of Murat come to Warsaw where the aristocracy is hostile to Napoleon (the Bourbons, which the Count of Provence , there are refugees). The city does not move. In Paris, Kosciuszko claims a British-style government and a great state extending from Riga to Odessa , that Napoleon could not agree. He plays the card of szlachta and aristocracy. He gets the rallying of Prince Jozef Poniatowski (1763-1813), nephew of the last king who had fought under Kosciuszko.
- December 11 : Napoleon accepted the surrender of the Elector of Saxony , who made peace between the Confederation of the Rhine and received the title of king.
- December 12 : Insurgents Serb Karageorge seize Belgrade after their victory over the Turks Mishars.
- December 26 :
- Strength of Russian troops in the Battle of Golymin , Poland.
- Russian victory at the Battle of Putusk.
- December 30 : Start of the Russo-Ottoman war (ending in 1812 ). The voivode of Wallachia Constantine Ypsilanti , dreaming of a kingdom of reconstituting Dacia with the support of Tsar was deposed by the Sultan. The Russians occupied the Danubian provinces (November-December). In reply, Turkey declares war on Russia on December 30.
- At the end of December, Napoleon arrived in Warsaw where he received an eager welcome aristocrats. Among them was the Countess Marie Waleska (1789-1817), who became his mistress and he had a son, the future foreign minister of Napoleon III. He appoints a commission of government in which Poniatowski deals with military affairs.
- The kingdom of Portugal refused to join the Continental Blockade. The Prince Regent is trying to save time by sending envoys to the emperor.
- The British use of rockets Congreve against a French invasion fleet.
- Failure of a new campaign for radical electoral reform in the United Kingdom (1806 - 1809 ).
- Uplift of Padua and Vicenza against taxes and conscription.
- Proliferation of secret societies in Italy ( Adelphi , Carboneria , Guelfa ) that bring together supporters of the unit, betrayed Jacobin, Napoleonic generals sometimes and often spies and emissaries of the coalition.
France
Main article: 1806 in France.
Arts and Culture
- Arc de Triomphe by Raymond and Chalgrin (1806 - 1808 ).
- The Battle of Aboukir, painting by Antoine Gros.
- Transfer to London of the Parthenon frieze.
Science and technology
Main article: 1806 in science.
Economy and Society
- United States : The U.S. merchant fleet has increased from 125,000 tons in 1789 to 800 000 tonnes.
- Iron coke accounts for 97% of UK production.
- Economist Hungarian Gergely Berzeviczy publishes a book on the peasant condition, which causes strong reactions.
- Russia : Reshuffle of the Admiralty ( Zakharov ), construction of the Mining Institute ( Voronikhin ) and the Smolny Institute ( Quarengui ) to St. Petersburg.
Births in 1806
- March 10 : Jose de los Santos , bullfighter Spanish ( 17 December 1847 ).
- March 26 : Louis-Marie-Joseph-Caverot Eusebius , French cardinal, archbishop of Lyon ( 23 January 1887 ).
- April 9 : Isambard Kingdom Brunel , English engineer, designer of the Great Eastern ( 1859 ).
- April 11 : Pierre Guillaume Frederic Le Play , engineer of the Corps des Mines and sociologist paternalistic French ( 5 April 1882 ).
- May 20 : John Stuart Mill , philosopher and economist ( 8 May 1873 ).
- October 28 : Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle , Swiss botanist ( 1893 ).
- December 6 : Gilbert Duprez , French opera singer.
Deaths in 1806
- January 16 : Nicolas Leblanc , French chemist and physician ( 1753 -1806).
- January 23 : William Pitt the Younger , Prime Minister of Great Britain and then the United Kingdom (b. 1783 )
- February 2 : Jean-Xavier Bureaux de Pusy , military engineer and politician French. ( 7 January 1750 ).
- February 14 : Jean Dauberval , French dancer and choreographer (b. 19 August 1742 )
- March 3 : Heinrich Christian Boie , author German (b. 1744 )
- March 30 : Georgiana Cavendish , Duchess of Devonshire (b. 7 June 1757 ).
- April 4 : Carlo Gozzi , Italian dramatist (1720-1806).
- April 13 : Jean-Jacques Bachelier , French painter ( 1724 -1806).
- April 22 : Pierre de Villeneuve , Admiral French ( 1763 )
- June 23 : Mathurin Jacques Brisson , French zoologist and physicist (b. 1723 )
- August 3 : Michel Adanson , botanist French ( 1727 )
- August 22 : Jean-Honore Fragonard , painter French ( 1732 )
- August 23 : Charles Augustin de Coulomb , physicist French ( 1736 )
- September 20 : Utamaro Kitagawa , painter and engraver of Japan (b. 1753 )
- November 10 : Charles William Ferdinand of Brunswick , military German (b. 1735 )
- November 18 : Claude Nicolas Ledoux , architect French ( 1736 ).
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